Historical Perspective
Civil Servants for the East India Company used to be nominated by the Directors of the Company and thereafter trained at Haileybury College in London and then sent to India. Following Lord Macaulay’s Report of the Select Committee of British Parliament, the concept of a merit based modern Civil Service in India was introduced in 1854. The Report recommended that patronage based system of East India Company should be replaced by a permanent Civil Service based on a merit based system with entry through competitive examinations. For this purpose, a Civil Service Commission was setup in 1854 in London and competitive examinations were started in 1855. Initially, the examinations for Indian Civil Service were conducted only in London. Maximum age was 23 years and minimum age was 18 years. The syllabus was designed such that European Classics had a predominant share of marks. All this made it difficult for Indian candidates. Nevertheless, in 1864, the first Indian, Shri Satyendranath Tagore brother of Shri Rabindaranath Tagore succeeded. Three years later 4 other Indians succeeded.
Throughout the next 50 years, Indians petitioned for simultaneous examinations to be held in India without success because the British Government did not want many Indians to succeed and enter the ICS. It was only after the First World War and the Montagu Chelmsford reforms that this was agreed to. From 1922 onwards the Indian Civil Service Examination began to be held in India also, first in Allahabad and later in Delhi with the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission. The Examination in London continued to be conducted by the Civil Service Commission.
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All India Services
Indian Administrative Service
Indian Administrative Service Officers join the State Administration at the Sub-divisional level, as sub-divisional magistrate, at the beginning of their careers. They look after the administration, law & order and developmental work of the areas they’re in charge. IAS officers are also responsible for planning and implementing various policies at the Central as well as the State levels, disburse funds, and serve as Department heads and in State Secretariat.
Indian Police Service
IPS Officers are responsible for the safety and security of their allotted states. They need to make sure there is proper law & order in the country. IPS Officers at the district level work with the IAS Officers to maintain law & order. Other duties of IPS Officers include, preventing crimes, and accidents, detection of crime, maintaining peace, preventing drug & human trafficking, managing disasters, and making sure laws are clear to the people. They’re responsible for security of VIPs.
Indian Forest Service
The Indian Forest Service Officers operate under the Ministry of Environment & Forests. Their duties include, protecting forests & their resources, preventing illegal cutting of trees, preventing poaching of animals, implementing forest policies, planning for legal exploitation of resources like timber. They’re also responsible for managing wildlife, environment and forest related issues of the assigned State or Union Territory.
Group A Services
Indian Audit and Accounts Service
The principle obligation of IAAS Officers is to inspect/audit the various Central Government divisions and aid the authority in auditing officers in the Central and the State Government. IAAS Officers serve in the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). They’re trained at the National Academy of Audit & Accounts, National Institute of Financial Management in accounting, auditing & Financial Management.
Indian Civil Accounts Service
The Indian Civil Accounts Service Officers work in Auditor General of India, Office of the Chief Controller of Accounts in Various ministries and Office of Comptroller. They will first be posted as Assistant Controller of Accounts. The senior most administrative cadre will be the Chief Controller of Accounts. Their primary responsibilities are to administer an effective, credible and responsive system for budgeting, payments and accounting, provide world class government-wide integrated Financial Information system, leveraging information & communication technology and promote professional integrity through dedicated workforce.
Indian Corporate Law Service
ICLS Officers’ duties involve providing effective infrastructure involved in the corporate law making, enforce law and regulation in the corporates across the country, implementing governance, improve service deliverance in companies (Private sector). ICLS Officers are like the watchdogs of working of the private sector.
Indian Defense Accounts Service
The IDAS is controlled by the Ministry of Finance. IDAS Officers are responsible for framing, managing and providing advice on budgets in defense, and maintain accounts of the weapon systems of India. Their duties also include internal audit of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Ordnance Factories, Defense research and development organization, Border road organization, canteen stores & other allied organizations.
Indian Defense Estates Service
Indian Defense Estates Service Officers are responsible for the Management and Auditing of the Defense land, provide municipal administration, defend the Government’s title in defense lands and audit the defense land usage independently. Their duties also include, construction & maintenance of roads, street lights, parks, libraries, markets, hospitals, school, etc. provide drinking water, plan towns and implement them, frame taxation policies and execute them, conduct elections and census.
Indian Foreign Service
IFS Officers work in the Ministry of External Affairs. Their primary responsibility is to oversee the Indian workplaces in foreign countries, like, the Indian Embassies, Indian High Commission, Indian Consulates, etc. and maintain social relations with remote nations. They’re also concerned with business related to passport and visa administration & consular administration.
Indian Information Service
IIS Officers are responsible to make sure that the right data achieves the media. IIS Officers often act as Press advisors, Journalists, PR and disseminate and manage Information on Government policies, programmes and activities through Print, Electronic or other audio, visual mediums. Their duties also involve, sorting out Question & Answer sessions, control the authority of media, organizing festivals, provide feedback on reactions of people to Government programmes and policies and advising them on their information policy.
Indian Ordnance Factories Service
IOFS Officers’ duties involve managing the Indian Ordnance Factories. They’re responsible for product R & D, Project Management, Materials Management, Planning and controlling of Production and supply, Quality control, Safety and welfare of the industry and labor, Personnel management, Industry relations and Maintaining and managing the residential estates.
Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts and Finance Service
The Indian Post & Telecommunication Accounts & Finance Officers have several duties. The most significant ones are collection of Non-tax revenue; Project monitoring, Subsidy disbursement of the USOF schemes for rural telephony, Telecom operators’ revenue assessment and determination of the Government’s share of revenue. Other duties include, coordinating with the budgeting, accounting and planning, project appraisal, internal audit and handling of legal cases.
Indian Postal Service
IPoS Officers are posted as Head of a certain division of India Post. Their duties include effective management and Monitoring of Postal services and operations in the division. They also administer the Post Officers and Mail Officers in that division, Plan for expansion of Postal network, Management of Technology, Material, Finance and Marketing of various products and services of India Post. They’re also required to coordinate with police and public authorities, manage personnel, and take care of their transfer, recruitment, promotions and staff relations.
Indian Railway Accounts Service
IRAS Officers are responsible for the Finance & Accounts functions of the Indian Railways. Their duties include maintenance of accounts of the Indian Railways, giving financial advice to executives, introducing techniques for modern Financial Management, Redesigning the structure of Budgetary and Accounting systems, implementing incentive schemes, controlling expenditure, accounting & revenue expenses.
Indian Railway Personnel Service
Indian Railway Personnel Service Officers is the only service among the Group ‘A’ Civil Services, which caters exclusively to HR & Personnel management in the central Government. Their duties include recruiting personnel, handling promotions, training, seniority, reservation, transfer, posting, salaries, wages and final settlement of the personnel. They’re also required to maintain a cordial relationship with the industry, welfare activities and handle legal and court matters and implement labor laws.
Indian Railway Traffic Service
IRTS Officers are concerned with the Operations and the Commercial department of the Indian Railways. While the commercial division is concerned with the transportation of objects by trains, the Operations division is in charge of the movement of trains. Other duties of IRTS Officers include, Planning, Economy & Efficiency, Safety provided by Indian Railways, creating & developing traffic, Fixing rates, fares and other charges, Maintaining friendly relationships with the traders and cultivating good Public Relations generally.
Indian Revenue Service (CBDT & CBEC)
IRS Officers are elite revenue collectors of the Government. The Indian Revenue Service is controlled by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC). While Officers at CBDT are responsible for collecting & administering direct taxes, Officers at the CBEC administer the customs, central excise and service tax of India. Officers at CBDT are responsible for supervision of the Income Tax Department and administration of Direct Taxes Law. CBEC is responsible for framing policies, administering and investigating taxes, serve other ministries/departments on deputation.
Indian Trade Service
The Indian Trade Service Officers are responsible for implementing the provisions of the following Acts:
Foreign trade (development and regulation) act, 1992
Safeguard Measures (Quantitative Restrictions) Rules, 2012
Foreign Trade Policy (FTP), 2009-2014
Handbook of procedure, Volume-I, 2009-2014
ITC (HS) Classification of Export and Import Items, 2012
Handbook of procedure, Volume-II
They’re required to also work in the 36 Regional authorities across the country and in the Department of Commerce & Directorate General of Anti-Dumping.
Railway Protection Force
Railway Protection Force Officers’ primary responsibility is to ensure the safety and security of passengers and properties of the Indian Railways. Their duties include, escorting passenger trains through vulnerable areas, security on platforms and in passenger areas and remove obstructions in movement of Railway properties.
UPSC CSE – Group B Services
Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service
Armed Forced Headquarters Civil Service Officers heavily contribute in the functioning of Armed Forces Headquarters/inter service organizations. Their duties include, managing distribution, coordination of work, supervising of staff, keeping track of ongoing cases, following up, and independent disposal of cases, submitting reports periodically, and ensuring compliance with instructions regarding treatment and maintaining and safeguarding confidential documents.
Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service
DANICS Officers are considered as IAS Officers who are responsible for various Administrative functions of the National Capital Delhi and the Union Territories of India.
Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service
DANIPS Officers are IPS Officers who are responsible for Law & Order, policing in the National Capital Delhi and Union Territories of India.
Pondicherry Civil Service & Pondicherry Police Service
Pondicherry Civil and Police Services are centrally administered.
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